Cast Letter Box



Photoshop's Drop Shadow layer style may be great for adding simple shadows to images or text, making them look as if they're floating slightly above their background, but when it comes to creating more realistic looking shadows of people or objects, the standard Drop Shadow just doesn't cut it. In this tutorial, we'll learn an easy way to create a realistic cast shadow effect!

Letterbox box classic European villa garden outdoor standing floor-to-ceiling outdoor cast aluminum letterbox mailbox on sale,buy cheap Letterbox box classic European villa garden outdoor standing. To make it easier to see what I'm doing, I'll switch out of the document window and into the first of Photoshop's fullscreen modes by pressing the letter F on my keyboard. Then, with the Crop Tool active, I'll click in the gray area above and to the left of the top left corner of the image, and with my mouse button held down, I'll drag to the gray area below and to the right of the bottom. Vintage cast iron US MAIL letter box manufactured by Bridgeport Castings Company in 1948- the year is cast into the bottom. The box measures 20' tall with 8 1/4' by 13'.

Here's the photo I'll be using for this tutorial:

Empress Premier Federation style Cast Aluminium Front plate with Galvanised Box. Face is 410mm high x 240mm wide with solid Brass Letterplate and Pape. BRICKIES A4 FRONT OPENING LETTER BOX SET, DIE CAST ALUMINUM (SANDLEFORD) NEW. AU $15.90 postage. Sandleford Brick InLetterbox, 350mm Aluminium Powder Coated White With Keys. Urban A4 Aluminium Free Standing Letterbox - Australian Made Mailbox Letter Box.

The original image.

Here's how it will look with the shadow applied:

This tutorial is from our Photo Effects series. Let's get started!

Letterbox

How To Create A Realistic Cast Shadow

Step 1: Select The Person Or Object

Before we can add a shadow to someone, we first need to select them. Using the selection tool of your choice (Lasso Tool, Quick Selection Tool, Pen Tool, etc.), draw a selection around the person (or object) in the photo. When you're done, you should see a selection outline around them. Here, I've selected the girl:

Select the person or object in the photo.

Step 2: Copy The Selection To A New Layer

With the person or object selected, press Ctrl+J (Win) / Command+J (Mac) on your keyboard to quickly copy the selection to a new layer. Nothing will happen in the document window, but if we look in the Layers panel, we see that Photoshop has copied the selection to a new layer named 'Layer 1' above the Background layer:

The selection appears on a new layer above the Background layer.

Step 3: Add Extra Canvas Space If Needed

Depending on your image, you may or may not need this step, but in my case, I need to add some extra canvas space to make room for the shadow. The easiest way to add extra canvas space is with Photoshop's Crop Tool. I'll select it from the Tools panel:

To make it easier to see what I'm doing, I'll switch out of the document window and into the first of Photoshop's fullscreen modes by pressing the letter F on my keyboard. Then, with the Crop Tool active, I'll click in the gray area above and to the left of the top left corner of the image, and with my mouse button held down, I'll drag to the gray area below and to the right of the bottom right corner:

Dragging the Crop Tool diagonally across the entire image.

When I release my mouse button, a crop border appears around the image, with handles (little squares) on all four sides and in each corner. I need to add more canvas space on the left of the photo, so I'll click on the left handle and drag it outward:

Adding more space on the left by dragging the left crop handle.

I'll press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac) to accept the crop (even though what we're doing here is really the exact opposite of cropping), at which point Photoshop adds the extra space on the left of the image and fills it with white (the default Background color). I'll press F on my keyboard a couple of times until I'm back to the document window view:

Since my Background color is white (the default color), Photoshop fills the new canvas space with white.

Step 4: Add A New Blank Layer Below Layer 1

Hold down your Ctrl (Win) / Command (Mac) key and click on the New Layer icon at the bottom of the Layers panel:

Click on the New Layer icon while holding down Ctrl (Win) / Command (Mac).

This tells Photoshop not only to add a new layer to the document as it normally would, but to add the new layer below the currently selected layer (Layer 1), which places it between Layer 1 and the Background layer:

The new layer appears between the original two layers.

Step 5: Draw A Gradient On The New Layer

Let's create a new background for the effect using a gradient, which will give it a little depth. Click on the Foreground color swatch near the bottom of the Tools panel. By default, it should be showing black:

Cast Letter Box Template

This opens Photoshop's Color Picker where we can choose a new Foreground color. Choose a light gray. If you want to use the same shade of gray that I'm using, enter 70% for the B value (B stands for Brightness) on the right. Click OK when you're done to close out of the Color Picker:

Set the Brightness (B) value to 70% for a light gray. H (Hue) and S (Saturation) should remain at 0%.

Next, select the Gradient Tool from the Tools panel. We'll be using the Gradient Tool a few times for this effect:

With the Gradient Tool active, right-click (Win) / Control-click (Mac) anywhere inside the document window to quickly bring up the Gradient Picker, and make sure you have the very first gradient - Foreground to Background - selected by clicking on its thumbnail (first one on the left, top row). Press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac) when you're done to close out of the Gradient Picker:

Select the Foreground to Background gradient.

Then, click near the bottom of the document, hold down your Shift key and drag straight up until you're just above the horizontal center of the image. Holding the Shift key as you drag constrains your movements, making it easier to drag vertically:

Drag out the transition area for the gray to white gradient.
Letter

Release your mouse button and Photoshop draws the gradient, which becomes the new background for the image:

The subtle gradient adds a bit of depth to the image.

Step 6: Add A New Layer Above The Gradient

Click once again on the New Layer icon at the bottom of the Layers panel (no need to hold the Shift key down this time):

A new blank layer appears above the gradient layer:

Box
Layer 3 appears above the gradient.

Step 7: Load A Selection Around The Person Or Object

Hold down your Ctrl (Win) / Command (Mac) key and click directly on the top layer's preview thumbnail in the Layers panel. Don't select the layer, just click on its thumbnail:

Hold down Ctrl (Win) / Command (Mac) and click on Layer 1's preview thumbnail.

This instantly loads a selection around the contents of the layer. Here, we can see that the girl in my photo is now selected:

A selection outline appears around the person or object that we first selected back in Step 1.

Step 8: Fill The Selection With Black

Go up to the Edit menu at the top of the screen and choose Fill:

When the Fill dialog box appears, change the Use option at the top to Black, then click OK to close out of the dialog box:

Set Use to Black, then click OK.

This fills the selection with black. We can't see it just yet in the document window because the image on Layer 1 is blocking it from view, but we can see it in the layer's preview thumbnail in the Layers panel:

We can see the contents of a layer in its preview thumbnail even when we can't see it in the document window.

Step 9: Distort The Shadow Into Position

The area we just filled with black will become our shadow. First, we need to reshape it and move it into position, and we can do that using Photoshop's Distort command. Go up to the Edit menu, choose Transform, and then choose Distort:

Reshape the black-filled area by clicking on the top transform handle and dragging it down diagonally, either left or right (depending on your image), until it looks more like the person or object's shadow:

Drag the top transform handle to distort the shadow into shape.

You may also need to fix the bottom part of the shadow by dragging the bottom corner handles. In my case, the bottom of the shadow didn't quite line up with the girl's shoes, so I dragged the bottom right transform handle up and to the right until everything looked good:

Drag the bottom corner handles if needed so the bottom of the shadow lines up with the person or object.

When you're done, press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac) to accept the transformation and exit out of the Distort command. Your shadow should now look something like this:

Step 10: Apply A Slight Blur

The edges of the shadow look a little too crisp and sharp, so let's apply a slight blur to it. Go up to the Filter menu, choose Blur, then choose Gaussian Blur:

Go to Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur.

This opens the Gaussian Blur dialog box. Increase the Radius to around 1.5 pixels for a very subtle blur effect, then click OK to exit out of the dialog box. The edges of the shadow will appear softer:

A Radius value of around 1.5 pixels is all we need for starters.

Step 11: Use Quick Mask Mode To Gradually Select The Shadow

For a shadow to look realistic, the edges need to become gradually softer the further away it extends from the subject. To create this gradual blurring effect, we'll again turn to the Gaussian Blur filter, but first, we'll create a selection using Photoshop's Quick Mask mode.

Select the Gradient Tool once again from the Tools panel, then press the letter D on your keyboard to reset Photoshop's Foreground and Background colors to their defaults (black will be the Foreground color, white the Background color). Then, press the letter Q on your keyboard to switch into Quick Mask mode. Nothing will seem different in the document window just yet. With the Gradient Tool active, click near the bottom of the shadow and drag diagonally to the top, like so:

Drag out a diagonal gradient from the bottom to the top of the shadow.

Release your mouse button at the top of the shadow, and a red to transparent Quick Mask overlay appears across the image. The transparent part at the top of the shadow represents the area that is fully selected. The red at the bottom of the shadow is not selected at all, while the area in between becomes more and more selected as the red color gradually fades into transparency:

As the color fades from red to transparent, the area becomes gradually more selected.

Press the letter Q on your keyboard to exit out of Quick Mask mode and back into normal mode. The red to transparent Quick Mask overlay will be replaced with a standard looking selection outline that seems to do nothing more than divide the shadow in half, with only the top half selected. This is just an unfortunate illusion on Photoshop's part. Photoshop can only display selection outlines around pixels that are at least 50% selected. So while it looks like we haven't really accomplished anything here, that Gaussian Blur filter is about to prove otherwise:

Photoshop can't accurately display selection outlines around pixels that are only partially selected.

Step 12: Apply The Gaussian Blur Filter Again

Cast Iron Letter Boxes Ireland

Since the Gaussian Blur filter was the last filter we used, we can quickly bring it back up by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F (Win) / Command+Option+F (Mac) on the keyboard. This time, when the dialog box appears, increase the Radius value to around 10 pixels, then click OK to exit out of it:

Press Ctrl+D (Win) / Command+D (Mac) to remove the selection outline, and we see in the document that the edges of the shadow now appear gradually softer from bottom to top:

The shadow edges now look more realistic.

Step 13: Add A Layer Mask

The shadow needs to fade out as it moves further from the subject, which is easy to do using a layer mask. Click on the Layer Mask icon at the bottom of the Layers panel. A white-filled layer mask thumbnail will appear to the right of the shadow layer's preview thumbnail:

Cast Stone Letterboxes Adelaide

A layer mask thumbnail appears after clicking the Layer Mask icon.

Step 14: Set The Foreground Color To A Dark Gray

We don't want the shadow to fade out completely, so click on the Background color swatch in the Tools panel, which should currently be black (the default Foreground and Background colors are reversed when a layer mask is selected):

Click on the Background color swatch (the one in the lower right).

When the Color Picker appears, choose a dark gray by setting the B (Brightness) value to 30%. Leave the H (Hue) and S (Saturation) options set to 0%. Click OK when you're done to close out of the Color Picker:

Step 15: Draw A Gradient Across The Shadow On The Layer Mask

Then, with the Gradient Tool selected, click once again near the bottom of the shadow and drag diagonally upward to the top, just as we did a moment ago when in Quick Mask mode. The difference here is that we're drawing the gradient on the layer mask:

Draw a white to dark gray gradient from the bottom to the top of the shadow.

Release your mouse button at the top of the shadow. Since we drew the gradient on the layer mask, not on the image itself, we don't actually see the gradient in the document. Instead, we see the effect of the gradient on the layer mask, with the shadow now gradually fading as it moves away from the subject:

Cast Letter Box Game

Step 16: Lower The Opacity Of The Shadow

As a final step, let's lower the opacity of the shadow so it doesn't appear quite so dark near the subject (since shadows are always somewhat transparent). You'll find the Opacity option in the top right corner of the Layers panel. Lower it slightly to around 85%:

Lower the shadow layer's opacity to 85%.

And with that, we're done! Here's the final 'cast shadow' effect:

And there we have it! That's how to create a more realistic-looking cast shadow effect in Photoshop! Visit our Photo Effects section for more Photoshop effects tutorials!

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Post box
Post boxes in Australia
The yellow box is for express mail.
A British Lamp Box post box of the 1940 pattern at Denvilles, Havant, Hampshire.
First Paris street letter box from c.1850
A public (though unconventional) post box in Japan shaped as tea caddy

A post box (British English and others, also written postbox, known in the United States and Canada as collection box, mailbox, post box, or drop box) is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.

Varieties of post boxes (for outgoing mail) include:

Contents

  • 1History of post boxes

History of post boxes

Lamp box mounted next to a sewer gas destructor lamp in Crookes, Sheffield, England.

Europe

In 1653, the first post boxes are believed to have been installed in Paris.[1] By 1829, post boxes were in use throughout France.[2]

In the British Isles the first pillar post boxes were erected in Jersey in 1852. Roadside wall boxes first appeared in 1857 as a cheaper alternative to pillar boxes, especially in rural districts. In 1853 the first pillar box in Britain was installed at Botchergate, Carlisle. In 1856 Richard Redgrave of the Department of Science and Art designed an ornate pillar box for use in London and other large cities. In 1859 the design was improved, and this became the first National Standard pillar box. Green was adopted as the standard colour for the early Victorian post boxes. Between 1866 and 1879 the hexagonal Penfold post box became the standard design for pillar boxes and it was during this period that red was first adopted as the standard colour. The first boxes to be painted red were in London in July 1874, although it would be nearly 10 years before all the boxes had been repainted.[3]

The first public letter boxes (post boxes) in Russia appeared in 1848 in St. Petersburg.[citation needed] They were made of wood and iron. Because these boxes were lightweight and easy to steal, they disappeared frequently; later boxes were made of cast iron and could weigh up to 45 kilograms.[citation needed]

Asia

The post box arrived in the late 19th century Hong Kong and were made of wood. In the 1890s, metal pillar box appeared in Hong Kong and remained in use till the late 1990s. From the 1890s to 1997 the boxes were painted red and after 1997 were painted green.

North America

The United States Post Office Department began installing public mail collection boxes in the 1850s outside post offices and on street corners in large cities. Collection boxes were initially mounted on lamp-posts.[4] As mail volume grew, the Post Office Department gradually replaced these small boxes with larger models. The four-footed, free-standing U.S. Mail collection box was first suggested in 1894, following the successful use of such designs in Canada, and quickly became a fixture on U.S. city street corners.[4][5] Unlike Canadian mailboxes, which were painted red,[6] U.S. mail collection boxes were originally painted a dark green to avoid confusion with emergency and fire equipment, then to red and blue in the 1950s, and finally, all-blue with contrasting lettering.[5][7] The coming of the automobile also influenced U.S. mailbox design, and in the late 1930s, an extension chute or 'snorkel' to drive-up curbside collection boxes was adopted.[4]

USPS 'Snorkel' collection boxes for drive-through access
A British pillar box with two apertures, one for stamped, and the other for franked, mail

Types of post boxes

Some postal operators have different types of post boxes for different types of mail, such as, regular post, air mail and express mail, for local addresses (defined by a range of postal codes) and out-of-town addresses, or for post bearing postage stamps and post bearing a postage meter indicator.[citation needed]

Some countries have different coloured post boxes; in countries such as Australia, Portugal, and Russia, the colour indicates which type of mail a box is to be used for, such as 1st and 2nd class post. However, in Germany and parts of Sweden, because of postal deregulation, the different colours are for the different postal services. Other nations use a particular colour to indicate common political or historical ties.[8]

Post boxes or mailboxes located outdoors are designed to keep mail secure and protected from weather. Some boxes have a rounded or slanted top or a down turned entry slot to protect mail from rain or snow.[5][9] Locks are fitted for security, so mail can be retrieved only by official postal employees, and the box will ordinarily be constructed so as to resist damage from vandalism, forcible entry, or other causes.[5][9][10] Bright colours are often used to increase visibility and prevent accidents and injuries.[11][12] Entry openings are designed to allow the free deposit of mail, yet prevent retrieval via the access slot by unauthorised persons.[5][13]

Clearance

Post boxes are emptied ('cleared') at times usually listed on the box in a TOC, Times of Collection, plate affixed to the box. In metropolitan areas, this might be once or twice a day. Busy boxes might be cleared at other times to avoid overflowing, and also to spread the work for the sorters. Extra clearances are made in the period leading up to Christmas, to prevent boxes becoming clogged with mail.[citation needed]

Since 2005, most Royal Mail post boxes have had the time of only the last collection of the day listed on the box, with no indication of whether the box is cleared at other times earlier in the day. The reason given for this by the Royal Mail is that they needed to increase the type size of the wording on the 'plate' listing the collection times to improve legibility for those with poor sight and that consequently there was insufficient room for listing all collection times throughout the day. Some post boxes may indicate the next collection time by a metal 'tab'[14] or dial that can be changed while the box is open. The tab displays a day or number, each number corresponding to a different time shown on the plate.

Terrorism and political vandalism

The surviving Manchester pillar box from the 1996 bomb

During 1939 a number of bombs were put in post boxes by the IRA as part of their S-Plan campaign. When the Provisional IRA blew up the Arndale shopping centre in the 1996 Manchester bombing one of the few things to survived unscathed was a Victorian pillar box dating from 1887 (A type A Jubilee pillar).

In 1952, a number of post boxes were attacked in Scotland in a dispute over the title adopted by the British monarch which was displayed in cypher on the boxes. This included at least one which was damaged in the Inch housing estate in Edinburgh with a home made explosive device. The issue in question was the fact that Queen Elizabeth I had not been the queen of Scotland, and so Scotland couldn't have a Queen Elizabeth II. The compromise was to put the Scottish crown on Scottish pillar boxes, without any reference to the particular reigning monarch. One such example can still be seen today in Hong Kong at Statue Square.

In the United States of America, nearly 7,000 USPS collection boxes were removed following the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack and the 2001 anthrax attacks in which letters containing anthrax spores were placed in public collection boxes. Since that time, a decrease in first-class mail volume and the onset of online bill payment processing has resulted in lower demand for collection box service in the U.S.[4]

In Northern Ireland several red Royal Mail post boxes were painted green by Irish Republicans in early 2009, in order to resemble An Post's post boxes in the Republic of Ireland.[citation needed]

In Britain the disposal of hypodermic needles into post boxes is a modern problem. This raises concerns among employees about AIDS/HIV and other infectious diseases and has caused Royal Mail (UK) to issue metal needle-proof gauntlets for their employees in high risk areas to protect those employees from infection.[citation needed]

Colours

Colours for Post boxes
Red
Argentina • Australia • Belgium • Canada • Denmark • Gibraltar • Greece(express post) • Greenland • Hungary • Iceland • India • Isle of Man • Israel • Italy(domestic post) • South Korea • Japan • Jersey • Macau • Malaysia • Malta • Mauritius • Monaco • Netherlands - surviving heritage and PTT boxes • New Zealand • Norway(national and international mail) • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Spain(express mail) • Singapore • South Africa • Thailand • United Kingdom[15]
Yellow
Australia(Express Post) • Austria • Brazil • Bulgaria • Cyprus(red before 1960) • Finland • France • Germany(Deutsche Post) • Greece(regular & international mail) • Iran • Malaysia(Express Post) • Norway(local mail) • Russia(1st Class) • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain(regular mail) • Sweden(national and international mail) • Switzerland (& Liechtenstein) • Turkey • Ukraine • Vatican City • Vietnam
Blue
Belarus • Faroe Islands • Germany(many private postal companies) • Guernsey • Alderney • Dominican Republic • Sark • Italy(Air Mail only) • United Kingdom(Air Mail - 1933-1940) • Portugal(1st Class (Blue Mail) only) • Sweden(local mail) • Russia • United States
Green
China • Hong Kong(red before 1997) • Taiwan • Ireland • Some heritage boxes in the United Kingdom, notably Stoke on Trent, Rochester & Scunthorpe
Orange
Czech Republic • Estonia • Indonesia • Netherlands (TNT N.V./PostNL (red before 2006))
White
Gray

Symbols

Swedish Royal Post
Irish Post & Telegraphs 'P7T' logo
  • Australia – a styled red letter 'P' on a white circle, 'P' standing for 'Post'.
  • Canada – a combination of a bird wing and an aircraft wing in a red circle and flanked by the words Canada Post / Postes Canada. Previously the words Canada, Canada Post, or Canada Post Corporation) were used on post boxes. Some older post boxes had the words 'Royal Mail'.
  • Continental Europe – most designs include a Post horn, like those used by postmen to announce their arrival. In Germany the post horn is the only element indicating post services.
  • Ireland – from 1922 the Irish harp entwined with the letters 'SE' for Saorstát Éireann, then 'P7T' Gaelic script for Post & Telegraphs and from 1984 An Post with their wavy lines logo, often on the door as a raised casting.
  • Russia – logo of Russian Post (Почта России) written white on blue and black on yellow 1st class mail boxes.
  • Japan – a 'T' with another bar above it (〒).
  • United Kingdom – all post boxes display the Royal Cypher of the reigning monarch at the time of manufacture. Exceptions are the Anonymous pillar boxes of 1879–87, where the cypher was omitted, and all boxes for use in Scotland manufactured after 1952 (including replicas of the 1866 Penfold design) which show the Queen's Crown of Scotland instead of the Royal Cypher for Elizabeth II. Private boxes emptied by Royal Mail do not have to carry a cypher. Royal Mail post boxes manufactured since 1994 carry the wording 'Royal Mail', normally above the aperture (lamp boxes) or on the door (pillar boxes). Before this date all post boxes, with the exception of the Anonymous pillar boxes, carried the wording 'Post Office'.
  • United States – the United States Postal Service (USPS) eagle logo, except that boxes for Express Mail use the USPS Express Mail logo.


Gallery of Post Boxes from around the world

  • British Edward VII Type A pillar box of 1902 by A.Handyside of Derby in front of Mansfield College, Oxford

  • French Post Box at Dinard airport

  • French Post Box at Ile de Bréhat

  • Post Boxes in Lisbon, Portugal (1st class mail in blue and 2nd class in red)

  • Post Box of Indian Postal Service

  • VR pillar box in Kilkenny, Ireland, painted green with obvious door repair

  • IrishLamp Box erected by An Post

  • Italian domestic Post Box

  • Japanese Post Box at the Osaka Central Post Office

  • U.S. Post Box in front of the Post Office in Conneaut, Ohio

  • Post box incorporated into a Type K4 telephone kiosk, introduced in 1927. 10 survive in the UK of this design by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott which also incorporates two stamp vending machines. This red telephone box is in Warrington, Cheshire, England

  • A standard British lamp letter box mounted on a post in Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales

  • A Victorian wall box of the Second National Standard type dating from 1859, in Brough, Derbyshire, England

  • Large square pillar box (type A wall box freestanding) in Gloddaeth Street, Llandudno, Wales

  • A Guernsey Post Type C double aperture pillar box

  • A Victorian hexagonal red post box of the Penfold type manufactured in 1866 outside King's College, Cambridge (not the original location for this box).

  • One of the 150 post boxes erected during the uncrowned reign of Edward VIII

  • German mail box with an old Post horn with arrows (stylized lightning bolts) from the Deutsche Bundespost, on the top sign the new Post horn from Deutsche Post AG

  • A post box in San Marino

  • A Polish post box

  • Swedish post box

  • A post box in Funningur, Faroe Islands

  • Pillar box in Bruges, Belgium

  • Singapore AA style sheet metal mail box in Hong Kong

  • A Ukrainian post box in the city of Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine

  • A Czech post box

  • A R2-D2 themed post box in Boston, Massachusetts as part of the celebration for Star Wars' 30th anniversary

  • A postbox of one the many private mail companies in Germany, this one PIN in Berlin[16]

  • Post box mounted on an electric pole in Bangalore, India

  • In Chellaston, Derby, United Kingdom

  • Krakow, Poland

  • Post box in Macau, China with Cantonese & Portuguese text

  • Post box in Lützelflüh-Goldbach, Switzerland

  • Post box in Quebec city, Canada

  • Post boxes in Heinola, Finland. Orange 2nd class postbox is very common, blue 1st class mailboxes only at selected places.

See also

  • Post Office box, used for incoming mail
  • Stamp vending machine, often attached to post boxes

References and sources

Notes
  1. ^Lawrence, Ken. 'Before the Penny Black'. Ken Lawrence. http://www.norbyhus.dk/btpb.html. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  2. ^Batcow, Stan (2001-12-02). 'The Post Boxes of Blackpool, England'. http://www.ausgang.com/collect/post.html. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  3. ^Wicks, Paul (2002). 'History of British Letter Boxes - Part 1: Victorian Letter Boxes'. Paul Wicks. http://www.wicks.org/pulp/part1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  4. ^ abcdMarsh, Allison (2006-03-20). 'Postal Collection Mailboxes'. National Postal Museum. http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&mode=&tid=2032051. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  5. ^ abcdeShaman, Tony. 'Antique Street Letterboxes'. Antique67.com. http://www.antique67.com/articles/antique_letterboxes/antique_letterboxes.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  6. ^ Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, History In A Box: Red Forever!, Civilisation.ca. http://www.civilisations.ca/cpm/histbox/canad_e.htm
  7. ^Marsh, Allison; Pope, Nancy (2006-04-28). 'Orr & Painter mailbox'. Postal Collection Mailboxes. National Postal Museum. http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=76927&img=1&pg=1. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  8. ^ Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, Colour, A Postal Symbol, Civilisation.ca. http://www.civilisations.ca/cpm/histbox/couleu_e.htm
  9. ^ abGlancey, Jonathan (2007-01-16). 'Classics of everyday design No 6'. theblog. The Guardian. http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/art/2007/01/classics_of_everyday_design_no_6.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  10. ^Marsh, Allison (2006-04-29). 'Street collection box damaged September 11, 2001'. Postal Collection Mailboxes. National Postal Museum. http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=83037&img=1&mode=&pg=1&tid=2032051. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  11. ^'A Victorian post box in Brecon - made in the Black Country'. Black Country Bugle. 2007-06-28. http://www.blackcountrybugle.co.uk/blackcountrybugle-news/displayarticle.asp?id=106007. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  12. ^'Campaign to preserve red post boxes'. BBC UK News. BBC. 2002-10-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2294797.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  13. ^William, Earle (1975-04-29). 'Secured mailbox'. USPTO Database. USPTO. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=38&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PALL&s1=3880344&OS=3880344&RS=3880344. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  14. ^'Changes to post box collections: Collection Tabs'. Postwatch.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070630075459/http://www.postwatch.co.uk/issues/CurrentIssues.asp?id=15. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  15. ^ All Royal Mail / GPO post boxes were painted BS 538 Post Office Red between 1874 and 1969. With the introduction of the K8 Telephone kiosk in 1969, a new 'red' colour was adopted for GPO street furniture, designated B.S. 539 Post Haste Red. After British Telecom and Royal Mail were split by the British Government, BT continued to use BS539 exclusively, whilst Royal Mail use both BS538 and BS539 in a seemingly random way. Prior to 1859 there was no standard colour although there is a document in the BPMA archive indicating that optionally, the lettering and Royal cypher could be picked out in white or black. In 1859, a bronze green colour became standard until 1874. It took ten years for every box to be repainted during this period).
  16. ^PIN MAIL AG
Sources

Farrugia, Jean (1969). The letter box: a history of Post Office pillar and wall boxes. Fontwell: Centaur Press. p. 282. ISBN 0900000147.

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Look at other dictionaries:

  • post box — post boxes also post box N COUNT A post box is a metal box in a public place, where you put letters and packets to be collected. They are then sorted and delivered. Compare letterbox. [BRIT] (in AM, use mailbox) … English dictionary

  • post|box — «POHST BOKS», noun. = mailbox. (Cf. ↑mailbox) … Useful english dictionary

  • post box — noun A box in which post can be left by the sender to be picked up by a courier. Would you take these letters down to the post box please theyve already got stamps … Wiktionary

  • post-box — see post box … English dictionary

  • POST-BOX — … Useful english dictionary

  • post·box — /ˈpoʊstˌbɑːks/ noun, pl boxes [count] Brit : ↑mailbox 1 … Useful english dictionary

  • Post-office box — redirects here. For the electrical device, see Post Office Box (electricity). A Post Office box full of mail … Wikipedia

  • Box — describes a variety of containers and receptacles. When no specific shape is described, a typical rectangular box may be expected. Nevertheless, a box may have a horizontal cross section that is square, elongated, round or oval; sloped or domed… … Wikipedia

  • Post office box — A post office box (often abbreviated P.O. Box or PO Box) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office station. In many countries, particularly in Africa, and the Middle East there is no door to door delivery of… … Wikipedia

  • box — [[t]bɒ̱ks[/t]] ♦♦ boxes, boxing, boxed 1) N COUNT A box is a square or rectangular container with hard or stiff sides. Boxes often have lids. He reached into the cardboard box beside him... They sat on wooden boxes. ...the box of tissues on her… … English dictionary